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List of additives for hydraulic fracturing
In the United States, about 750 compounds have been listed as additives for hydraulic fracturing, also known as ingredients of pressurized fracking fluid, in an industry report to the US Congress in 2011 after originally being kept secret for "commercial reasons". The following is a partial list of the chemical constituents in additives that are used or have been used in fracturing operations, as based on the report of the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, some are known to be carcinogenic.
In the UK only 'Non-Hazardous' chemicals are permitted for fracturing fluids by the Environment Agency. All chemicals have to be declared publicly. According to Halliburton.com, food additive based chemicals are increasingly available to allow fracking to take place safely.〔(CleanSuite™ Technologies. ) Halliburton.com.〕 In the UK, the permitted additives include polycrylamide, hydrochloric acid and a biocide. The difference is that in the UK shale gas extraction may be nearer much greater densities of populations compared to the US resulting in much more noticeable impact. In 2011 fracking has been temporarily suspended by Cuadrilla in the UK voluntarily as a consequence of two small earthquakes, without government ban. Elsewhere in Europe, Poland, Norway and Germany have the largest reserves of shale gas, and drillings are underway.
==Additives used in the United States==
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